By identifying specific muscle activation, facial sEMG can even discriminate between mood states, including Duchenne (genuine) and non-Duchenne (fake) smiles 8, 11.ĭespite the clear motivation to use sEMG in clinical and daily activities, long-term and multi-site recording remains a challenge, particularly because of poor signal transmission at the electrode-skin interface 12, 13. It has been suggested that sEMG can quantify and report elementary emotions exceeding the reliability of self-reporting and image analysis 9, 10. Surface EMG (sEMG), in particular, has been suggested for a wide range of applications, such as brain-machine interfacing 5, 6, speech detection 7 and recording emotions 8.
electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG)) 1, 2, 3, 4.
SERVI CS 1.6 SKIN
Skin electrodes are a common, non-invasive tool used to record electrical activity from the surface of the body (e.g. The presented electrodes are ideally-suited for many applications, such as brain-machine interfacing, muscle diagnostics, post-injury rehabilitation, and gaming. The suitability of the electrodes for long-term electromyography recordings from the hand and from the face is demonstrated. Impedance measurements show a reduction factor of 10 in electrode impedance on human skin. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed an increase in electrode capacitance by a factor of up to 100 in wet conditions. Plasma polymerized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was used to enhance the impedance of the electrodes. The conformity of the electrodes helps establish direct contact with the skin, making the use of a gel superfluous. The electrodes were realized using screen-printing of carbon ink on a soft support. Here we present novel dry electrodes, exhibiting outstanding electromyography recording along with excellent user comfort. Gelled electrodes are therefore the standard in electromyography with their use confined, almost entirely, to laboratory settings. For decades, it was commonly accepted that dry metallic electrodes establish poor electrode-skin contact, making them impractical for skin electromyography applications. Electromyography is a non-invasive method widely used to map muscle activation.
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